Frequently
Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Project Overview
Dublin Array Wind Farm is 50% owned by RWE, one of the world’s largest developers of renewable energy, and 50% by Irish company Saorgus Energy.
Ireland has exceptional offshore wind resources. However, to tap into this resource there are three key elements needed:
1. Planning
2. Technical Know How
3. Capital
Ireland is developing a planning regime which will finally allow the country to catch up with countries across the world in developing their indigenous energy resources.
Offshore engineering is a niche area and one which Ireland does not have significant expertise in, despite our island status. All of the early stage offshore wind projects are likely to involve international developers who have experience in developing major projects offshore. As one of the world’s largest developers of renewable energy, RWE has the expertise needed to deliver the Dublin Array Offshore Wind Farm, in conjunction with our Irish development partners Saorgus Energy.
Finally, finance is a key consideration – the capital investiment is expected to be in excess of €2billion. That is an investment in achieving Ireland’s renewable energy targets, one which increases the level of funding which is available for energy development in Ireland.
RWE is leading the way to a clean energy world. With its investment and growth strategy Growing Green, RWE is contributing significantly to the success of the energy transition and the decarbonisation of the energy system. Around 20,000 employees work for the company in almost 30 countries worldwide. RWE is already one of the leading companies in the field of renewable energy. RWE is investing billions of euros in expanding its generation portfolio, in particular in offshore and onshore wind, solar energy and batteries. It is perfectly complemented by its global energy trading. RWE is decarbonising its business in line with the 1.5-degree reduction pathway and will phase out coal by 2030. RWE will be net-zero by 2040. Fully in line with the company’s purpose – Our energy for a sustainable life.
The project is in the development phase. RWE is leading on the development of the project on behalf of the partnership. We are expecting to submit the application for planning consent in 2024.
Subject to achieving a number of consenting milestones, the start of construction is expected in 2027, with expected completed construction in 2030.
There is a comprehensive stakeholder and community engagement programme available on this website. We will be updating this project website regularly in order that everyone can view key facts, news and development details.
Following our submission of our updated development consent application, you will also be entitled to take part in the statutory process by submitting comments on the project directly to the relevant consenting authority.
All publicly available information is on this website. If you can’t find what you’re looking for email us dublinarray@rwe.com
Project Facts
Dublin Array is a proposed offshore wind farm on the Kish and Bray Banks, approximately 10km from the coastline of Counties Dublin and Wicklow.
Based on preliminary results from environmental and technical studies that we have undertaken, the offshore element of the wind farm is expected to consist of between 39 and 50 turbines.
Based on preliminary results from environmental and technical studies that we have undertaken, the offshore turbines are expected to have individual tip heights of between approximately 270 metres and 310 metres.
Depending on the final number and size of turbines installed, the project will deliver up to 824MW. We are continuing to undertake technical and environmental studies and consultation activities to bring forward a project which is aligned with government policy and renewable energy targets.
Onshore Activities
RWE is investigating the availability of suitable ports for construction during the life of the wind farm.
The two cables will be brought ashore at the preferred landfall location at Shanganagh Cliffs.
The onshore construction works will comprise of a landfall at Shanganagh Cliffs with the construction of two Transition Joint Bays (TJB’s) connecting the two offshore electricity cables to the onshore cables. Two onshore transmission circuits will then be installed underground bringing the electricity from the TJBs to a new onshore substation at Ballyogan, this new substation will then be connected to the national grid connection point via the existing Carrickmines substation. All construction areas at the landfall and along the cable route will be fully reinstated with any opportunity for amenity improvements to be discussed with the local community and Dún Laoighaire-Rathdown County Council. No overhead lines are proposed.
Dublin Array have identified Dún Laoghaire harbour as the preferred location for the operation and maintenance base. Developing Dún Laoghaire as an Operational base to support Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) is a core recommendation in a 2021 Economic Plan for Dún Laoghaire commissioned by Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council.
Distance from shore
It is not the case, as some have claimed, that there is a ban in Europe on developing wind farms within 22 km off the coast or that it is ‘best practice’ to do so. This is simply not true. Just recently, in April 2024, Denmark – the world’s leader in wind energy – identified six new marine areas for offshore wind development which are all closer than 22km at the nearest point to shore and most are 12-15km. Our industry is working to improve fixed-bottom technology to deploy these at greater depths and to accelerate the commercial viability of floating wind but we must make decisions on the technology available now, that can deliver by 2030, rather than waiting for what might be available in the future. Even with possible incremental advances in fixed-bottom technology in the coming years, it will not enable development at anything close to the level necessary to meet our targets if projects are pushed out beyond 22km.
The key challenge with fixed-bottom turbines is that they currently can only be deployed in water depths of 50-60 metres or less and where the seabed conditions are suitable to secure the foundations. This is why, for example, there is only one fixed-bottom offshore project planned for the west coast of Ireland despite the excellent wind conditions. There simply is not enough seabed available at 60 metres or less.
Many factors are taken into consideration when identifying areas suitable for potential offshore wind farm development. These include the availability of a good wind resource, proximity to significant electricity demand centres (such as large population centres), favourable water depths and seabed conditions. In addition to this, sites are selected to avoid areas leased by the State for other purposes, busy commercial shipping routes, and to avoid or minimise any impact on environmental and archaeological features.
The proximity of the wind farm to a major electricity demand hub means that there is a reduction in the length of the offshore subsea electricity transmission cables to bring the power to land, thereby reducing the environmental impact and costs of construction. Shorter subsea electricity transmission cables maximise the efficiency in bringing the electricity to shore. Operational costs are also reduced due to ease of access for maintenance and reduced transmission losses. Cost reductions in the delivery of projects like this ultimately reduce the cost of energy to the consumer.
It is widely acknowledged and hoped that floating wind projects will have an important role to play in our long-term energy future. RWE, the lead developer of Dublin Array and a global leader in renewable energy, have already developed three floating project test sites and are investing heavily in floating technology for the future. However, like tidal and wave energy, they are some way off being commercially deployable at large scale. For example, the world’s current largest floating wind farm which became operational in October 2021, Kincardine, has a capacity of 50MW of renewable energy. Dublin Array will produce between 12 to 18 times this amount, depending on the final project design. Ireland cannot depend on floating technology to deliver our 2030 targets.
Legislation
The new planning approach as set out in the Maritime Area Planning Act, 2021 introduces opportunities for communities and stakeholders to engage in the process. It has a greater and more certain level of consultation than under the Foreshore Acts, 1933 to 2014. It also offers a clear and defined process, something which was missing under the previous legislation. Dublin Array will need to submit a planning application (known as a development consent application) to the consenting authority, An Bord Pleanála. An Bord Pleanála are the consenting authority for all strategic infrastructure in Ireland and therefore have in place the processes and procedures to provide a robust evaluation of the development consent application.
The new Maritime Area Planning Bill, 2021, has been the subject of extensive work across various Government Departments led by the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage over a number of years. For it to be enacted it will be subject to Dáil debate, Oireachtas Committee scrutiny and Seanad and Presidential approval. The legislation includes an obligation that any planning applications are subject to proper consideration of environmental issues. Offshore wind project planning applications are required to be accompanied by an Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIAR) which will be made available for public, stakeholder and statutory body assessment. Submissions from all persons will be assessed by An Bord Pleanála.
A Maritime Area Consent, known as a MAC, is a consent that any proposed offshore wind farm project requires before it can submit a planning application. Dublin Array submitted a Maritime Area Consent (MAC) application to the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications in June 2022 and was awarded its MAC in December 2022.
Licence Applications
The project has been in development since 1999 and has had a number of foreshore licences in that time. In the years since RWE became the lead developer we have been awarded two Foreshore Licences (in 2019 and 2023) to carry out various marine geophysical, geotechnical and environmental surveys to inform the design of the project.
Economic Benefit
We anticipate the creation of over 1,000 jobs during the construction phase of the project, resulting in a local economic impact of €220m, with a further 80 direct and 160 indirect full time jobs expected during the operational phase as a result.
The Dublin Array team is committed to maximising the benefit for the local economy. We already work with a wide range of Irish consultants and businesses and are committed to encouraging greater participation in the project by local suppliers. This will not only open opportunities with us, but will open up the significant opportunity in the developing Irish offshore wind industry. Any interested suppliers can submit their details on our dedicated Supplier Page here >>
Community Benefits
RWE has a long history of supporting the communities in which we operate. As the Dublin Array project progresses we will work with communities to develop our approach to supporting the local area, in line with the requirements of the Governments Offshore Renewable Energy Support Scheme (ORESS). The requirements will likely encourage a focus on funding that supports education, energy efficiency, sustainable energy, and climate action initiatives. The fund will be a multimillion euro annual fund over a 20 year period. RWE is committed to supporting the Irish Government in their efforts to maximise the return to local communities from offshore wind.
According to the consultation paper on the draft Offshore Renewable Energy Support Scheme (ORESS) published in October 2021 by the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications (full details here >>) , to identify how the fund shall be distributed “an objective scoring system could be applied, taking account of proximity or impact of a given offshore project to a given community. Using a common scoring system for all fund applications, all communities, and all members of communities could expect an impartial and nationally consistent consideration of funding applications”.
At Dublin Array, we are very keen to ensure that any community scheme’s funds should be distributed in a targeted manner and should benefit those communities and groups who interact most directly with the windfarm. RWE have extensive experience delivering community benefit funds and know how important it is for the local community to be involved in decision making on the allocation of funds. For more information on our experience and examples of our existing funds click here >>
As per the requirements of ORESS 1, the fund will be €2/MWh. For Dublin Array, this means it could be almond €6.5m a year for 20 years. This is a total of nearly €130m, highlighting what a huge opportunity this is for the local community.
Fishing
Yes. The project has a fisheries liaison officer who continues to engage with the fishing community and is available to respond to any queries they have in relation to the project. During 2021, we completed an extensive marine survey campaign which was undertaken with the cooperation of the local fishing community.
We will continue to engage with the fishing community throughout the design, planning, construction and operational phases of the project.
Ecology
We are carrying out extensive ecological surveys at the site including, for example, of birds and marine mammals. More information on the types of surveys we have been undertaken can be found here >>. This is helping us to develop a detailed understanding of the ecological sensitivities in the area. We will then use this information and lots of other environmental and technical information to guide the design of the wind farm. We will include this information in our Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIAR) which will be submitted with our development consent application.